Week beginning 25th September 2023
Part 2 of 2
Research
ME/CFS research
Metabolites
Bayesian Statistics Improves Biological Interpretability of Metabolomics Data from Human Cohorts - Brydges et al.
"We use metabolomics data from three independent human cohorts that studied plasma signatures of subjects with [ME/CFS)]." Differences found included compounds related to diet and medication in people with ME/CFS, and "We also found that prostaglandin F2alpha, a lipid mediator of physiological relevance, was significantly reduced in ME/CFS patients across all three studies." The authors conclude by recommending the use of Bayesian statistics on metabolomics data.
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Preprint
Long read sequencing characterises a novel structural variant, revealing underactive AKR1C1 with overactive AKR1C2 as a possible cause of unexplained severe fatigue - Oakley et al.
Detailed genetic study of a patient with ME/CFS found a novel structural variant: "The DNA inversion appears to increase the expression of AKR1C2 while limiting AKR1C1 activity, resulting in a relative increase of inhibitory neurosteroids and impaired progesterone metabolism." The authors say this shows the value of long read sequencing in diagnosis.
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The University Of Sheffield
Distress and Coping in ME/CFS: Understanding the Role of Perfectionism and Self-compassion - Alexandra Leigh Houston
This doctorate thesis on clinical psychology investigated how different ways of coping relate to psychological distress in ME/CFS.
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Epidemiology & Infection
Long-term health outcomes of Q-fever fatigue syndrome patients - Spronk et al.
This study determined the long-term health outcomes (≥10 years) of 368 patients with Q-fever fatigue syndrome. Their health-related quality of life was low with a EQ-5D-5L index of 0.63. 98.9% of patients experienced post-exertional malaise complaints.
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Preprints.org
Assessing Functional Capacity in ME/CFS: A Patient Informed Questionnaire - Sommerfelt et al.
The authors have developed a new questionnaire to measure the functional capacity in ME/CFS. It covers eight domains and activity types and queries how these affect a patient's ability to function and do other activities.
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Long Covid research
Nature
Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling — Jon Klein et al.
“In summary, significant biological differences were identified between participants with LC and demographically and medically matched CC and HC participants, validating extensive reports of persistent symptoms by various individuals with LC and patient advocacy groups.”
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Long-term Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Other Thrombotic Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study — Lim et al.
“We included 106 012 infected cases and 1 684 085 test-negative controls. Compared with the control group, individuals with COVID-19 exhibited increased risk (HR, 1.157 [1.069–1.252]) and excess burden (EB, 0.70 [.53–.88]) of new-incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in “Long COVID”: pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers — Marques et al.
“The objective of this review was to provide information on long-term cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in patients with Long COVID and its impact on morbidity and mortality in this patient population.”
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Nature Scientific Reports
Autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from Post-COVID-19 Syndrome assessed by heart rate variability — Mooren et al.
“Our data demonstrate persistent HRV alterations in PCS patients with long-term symptom duration, suggesting a sustained impairment of sympathovagal balance.”
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Experimental Physiology
Carotid stiffness, intima–media thickness and aortic augmentation index among adults with SARS-CoV-2 — Rachel E. Szeghy et al.
“This cross-sectional analysis revealed higher carotid artery stiffness and aortic stiffness among young adults with SARS-CoV-2.”
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Nature Cardiovascular Research
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in human coronary vessels — Eberhardt et al.
“Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is detectable and replicates in coronary lesions taken at autopsy from severe COVID-19 cases.” “SARS-CoV-2 entry was increased in cholesterol-loaded primary macrophages and dependent, in part, on neuropilin-1.”
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Lancet: eClinicalMedicine
Characterization of long COVID temporal sub-phenotypes by distributed representation learning from electronic health record data: a cohort study — Arianna Dagliati et al.
“Based on data from multiple institutions, we estimated that approximately 15 percent (11%–20%) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients will have at least one PASC complication and approximately five percent (4%–8%) will have multiple problems.”
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Microbiology Spectrum
Tonsils are major sites of persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in children — Thais Melquiades de Lima et al.
“In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect palatine tonsils, adenoids, and secretions in children without symptoms of COVID-19, with no history of recent upper airway infection. We studied 48 children undergoing tonsillectomy due to snoring/OSA or recurrent tonsillitis between October 2020 and September 2021.”
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Children
Atopy and Elevation of IgE, IgG3, and IgG4 May Be Risk Factors for Post COVID-19 Condition in Children and Adolescents — Körner et al.
“Concurrent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) was found in 29% of patients that also faced challenges in school attendance. ME/CFS manifestation was significantly associated with elevated immunoglobulin G subclasses IgG3 (p < 0.05) and IgG4 (p < 0.05).”
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BMJ Open
Impact of Long Covid on the school experiences of children and young people: a qualitative study — Alice MacLean et al.
“Attending school (in-person or online) with LC is extremely difficult; even a gradual return required CYP to balance the impact of being at and engaging with school, with the need to manage symptoms to prevent relapse. Often this meant prioritising school and rest over other aspects of their lives.”
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Frontiers in Immunology
Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID — Shafqat et al.
“In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients.”
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Food Science & Nutrition
Effects of six-month creatine supplementation on patient- and clinician-reported outcomes, and tissue creatine levels in patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome — Jelena Slankamenac et al.
“This is the first human study known to the authors that evaluated the efficacy and safety of supplemental creatine for fatigue, tissue bioenergetics, and patient-reported outcomes in patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome.”
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Neurological Research and Practice
No evidence for neuronal damage or astrocytic activation in cerebrospinal fluid of Neuro-COVID-19 patients with long-term persistent headache — de Boni et al.
“[O]ur pilot study of CSF markers indicates that persistent post-COVID-19 headache is not a sign of underlying neuronal damage or glial activation.”
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Quality of Life Research
Long COVID quality of life and healthcare experiences in the UK: a mixed method online survey — Owen et al.
“Within our sample of 132 people living with long COVID, the findings highlight that individuals are being severely impacted by their symptoms and are unable to or limited in participating in their daily activities, reducing quality of life.”
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eLife
The importance of patient-partnered research in addressing long COVID: Takeaways for biomedical research study design from the RECOVER Initiative’s Mechanistic Pathways taskforce — C Kim et al.
“We emphasize the challenges of balancing urgency with scientific rigor. We recognize the importance of such partnerships in addressing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), which includes ‘long COVID,’ through contrasting objective and subjective narratives.”
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Nature Communications
Predictors of the post-COVID condition following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection — Reme et al.
“In this observational study of ~214,000 individuals with confirmed COVID-19, we found that pre-pandemic health care utilization related to psychological, respiratory, and general/unspecified health problems were the strongest predictors for having a doctor-diagnosed post-COVID condition between 90 and 180 days after the initial infection.”
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Preprint: MedRxiv
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Long COVID in Children: A Report from the RECOVER EHR Cohort — Hanieh Razzaghi et al.
“This large retrospective study shows a moderate protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against long COVID. The effect is stronger in adolescents, who have higher risk of long COVID, and wanes over time.”
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Nature npj Vaccines
Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome — Gyöngyösi et al.
“[T]he results of our clinical investigation provide the first demonstration of reactivation of several DNA viruses after SARS-CoV-2 infection (viral cross-talk or interference). We further show the interruption of this viral cross-talk by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with long-COVID syndrome.”
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