Commentary
Patients and many physicians often think of chronic pain as a direct manifestation of ongoing tissue (nociceptive pain) or nerve (neuropathic pain) damage.
1 In recent years, a third type of pain—centralized or nociplastic pain—has been recognized.
1 Nociplastic pain is believed to be primarily generated by central sensitization, in which abnormal neural signaling causes the development and amplification of chronic pain as well as a variety of other symptoms that are often difficult to explain or to reconcile with traditional diagnostic tests.
Central sensitization provides a robust conceptual and etiologic framework for chronic pain and many unexplained symptoms. The model facilitates patient engagement, builds trust, and may assist in acceptance of and adherence to a broader range of evidence-based therapies. Several chronic conditions (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, fibromyalgia, myalgic encephalomyelitis [formerly chronic fatigue syndrome], interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, chronic neck or back pain, chronic orofacial pain, headache, a variety of postinfectious syndromes) are believed to be attributable to ongoing nociplastic pain caused by central sensitization.
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