@Mike Godwin continued (apologies if I’ve got these tweets in wrong order):
“I think humility is good for everyone, generally speaking. There are many medical conditions whose aetiology is mysterious or at least ambiguous. Symptoms, and strategies for treating the symptoms, may vary among individuals who have the same condition....
... with the result that both diagnosis and treatment need to be considered as provisional hypotheses--in Karl Popper's terms, as "conjectures" subject to possible refutation. Humility requires that we be open to the possibility of refutation.
The difficulty, when dealing with a complex system (which is what every human being is) is figuring out (a) an experimental model that truly allows for refutation, and (b) properly interpreting the data so that a true refutation is recognized but an ambiguous "refutation" isn't.
I take the view that individuals' psychological processes are part of the system that is being analyzed, so you can't exclude psychological elements categorically in interpreting data. But the ruling out of psychological elements of a syndrome can be especially hard.
To analogize to a wholly different subject--because the causes and treatment of obesity have been poorly understood until relatively recently, obese patients have been presumed to lack discipline or otherwise be morally responsible for their condition.
My own review of the research in that area--and that review has been extensive over the course of years--is that the "lack of discipline" hypothesis has been refuted, as have (most) treatment modalities based on that hypothesis. Patients have been stigmatized.
Those patients in the obesity context may not even have the comfort of a community of fellow sufferers who can tell them that the "lack of discipline" model is wrong, because our culture is steeped in that model. Their doctors honestly believe in the model!
The evidence over many decades, however, shows that the traditional treatment strategies for obesity do not work to any significant degree. But because human beings are complex systems, with actual psychologies, it's easy for well-meaning physicians to dismiss disconfirming data.
Further complicating interpretation of data in the obesity context is that patients may report uncontrollable behaviors (or show evidence of them), which is seen as confirmation of the "lack of discipline" model. But of course behaviors may be (e.g.) endocrinologically rooted.
So whenever there's a mismatch between a theoretical framework and success in treating patients with complex, incompletely understood illnesses, there is the problem of deciding how to interpret data. Humility suggests that we should be as open as possible to disconfirmation.
Part of humility and being open to disconfirmation has to be constructing experimental models that are sufficiently rigorous that apparent disconfirmation can't be explained/rationalized away. (Properly such data should be used to refine/sharpen the experimental model.)
But because human biological systems are complex, not least because (we believe) psychological factors do affect our responses to treatment, the temptation is "revise" our assessment of the data rather than to revise the experimental model itself. That's a poor approach.
The natural temptation for a patient who has been ill-served by the prevailing medical theory is to be angry at the researchers. I get that. But researchers are no less human than the rest of us, and we all have problems stepping away from cherished theories.
But it's generally difficult to persuade researchers to abandon or revise the dominant paradigm if you insist on understanding them as villainous or mercenary. So it's best, to the extent possible, to uncouple the refutation of the theory from condemnation of the researchers.”
Welcome to the S4ME forum, Mike, Great to have you here.