This 2022 post-NICE document is a horror. It's long, pays lipservice only to NICE 2021. The 'T' Word (Tiredness) is in there of course. I think that inserting the Tiredness word in as many documents as possible is now BPS policy. The treatment is CBT/GET at core, with heavy emphasis on 'thoughts and beliefs', and on increasing exercise/activity, surrounded by a huge amount of disguising waffle. The Document is very long. I can only highlight some of the very, very many problems with it, so will quote odd lines/paragraphs.
'CBT for Chronic Fatigue: Therapist Manual'
Version 4
05.01.2022
'PAEDIATRIC ME/CFS TEAM, ROYAL UNITED HOSPITAL, BATH, UK ... for supporting people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME (ME/CFS). The primary.'
Starbuck, J., Loades, M.E., & Chapple, K. | 2022
https://www.ruh.nhs.uk/patients/ser...rofessionals/CBT_for_CFS_Therapist_Manual.pdf
Page 4:
'The updated NICE guidelines (2021) recommend that Psychological therapy be available for supporting people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME (ME/CFS). The primary therapy that has been used and researched is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)'
That gives the impression that NICE still recommends CBT. NICE does not, NICE says CBT should be available if wanted.
Page 8:
'Re-building self-confidence and enjoyment of activities
As a young person progresses through treatment it is possible to shift focus not just to the rebuilding of activities themselves but also to the enjoyment of them. CBT for ME/CFS can give the young person opportunities to explore why activities are important to them, and to reflect on themes such as their sense of self and identity. As a young person returns to old favoured activities (or indeed begins new ones) it is important to scaffold the rebuilding of their self-confidence; something which is likely to have taken several knocks during the course of their illness.'
Page 10:
'What is ME/CFS?: Psychoeducation about ME/CFS
Definitions and diagnosis
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), sometimes referred to as Myalgic Encephal0myelitis (ME), is
a health condition characterized by extreme tiredness.....
'To be diagnosed with ME/CFS a young person would need to meet the following four key criteria:
• Persistent fatigue, that is not life-long but has been ongoing for at least 3 months.
• The fatigue is not just due to exertion (instead, it is there in the background a lot of the time) and is not substantially improved by resting.
• Post-exertional malaise; the fatigue is worsened after increased activity. This can show itself 1-2 days after the busy time and can take a few days to recover from.
• Fatigue that is severe enough to significantly disrupt all areas of daily life e.g. going to school, hobbies or clubs, time with friends or family, etc.
Page 11
Onset and maintenance of ME/CFS
'The evidence points towards behavioural maintenance factors (activity patterns, sleep) and cognitive maintenance factors (
thoughts and beliefs about fatigue). And this is where we can helpfully apply evidence-based treatments, including CBT, to enable the young person to make changes and work towards recovery from their fatigue.'
Page 11:
Recovery in ME/CFS
' ..... However the good news is that recovery rates from ME/CFS in young people are good. A Dutch study looking at recovery found that approximately 85% of young people were recovered (absence of severe fatigue) at 1 year after starting active ME/CFS treatment (internet based CBT for fatigue).
This data can be compared to a 27% recovery rate for those who were not in active treatment, after 1 year
(see Nijhof, S. L., Bleijenberg, G., Uiterwaal, C. S., Kimpen, J. L., & van de Putte, E. M. (2012).
Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (FITNET): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 379(9824), 1412-1418).
This data shows us a few things:
1. The recovery journey takes a matter of months, or a year, or perhaps longer. It is not something completed in weeks.
2. It suggests that many young people with ME/CFS will be recovered after 1 year of CBT.
So Bath fatigue Clinic IS stating that CBT is treatment for ME/CFS and that children can recover by doing CBT via the clinic.
Page 17
'it is hugely important to help the young person recognize the links between their own thoughts, feelings, behaviour, and symptoms of fatigue'
Page 23
'Increasing the activity baseline
When a young person has managed to
sustain the baseline level of activity consistently for 2 weeks, they can then be instructed to increase this by 10-20% every week or two if appropriate. Therefore, using the above example, a baseline of 4 hours’ ‘red’ activity would then increase to something in the region of 4 ½ - 5 hours. The aim is to continue gradually increasing the baseline activity level in this step-wise fashion if appropriate until the young person can comfortably manage at least 8 hours’ high energy activity per day. At this point the young person will be working towards fulltime school attendance again and will have enough in their allowance to begin reinstating other activities outside of school.
Page 28
COGNITIVE WORK: THOUGHTS THAT ARE UNHELPFUL
'...... Common unhelpful themes in the thoughts of a young person with ME/CFS may include:
• A focus on symptoms or even looking out for them when they are not present
• Negative interpretation of symptoms, either predicting worsened fatigue and/or
‘blaming’ activity for the presence of symptoms'