The Essential Role of Pharmacists in the Fragmented Landscape of Long COVID Care
Understanding Long COVID and Its Complexity
Five years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, long COVID has emerged as a persistent and complex condition that continues to challenge patients and healthcare providers. Characterized by a wide range of symptoms—such as brain fog, dizziness, inflammation, and respiratory issues—long COVID lacks a clear, universal definition. Experts at the Infectious Disease Week 2025 conference emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to address the condition’s diverse impacts and the fragmented nature of current care systems.
Patient Voices and the Realities of Living with Long COVID
Marta Cerda, a panelist and long COVID patient, shared her personal experiences with multiple systemic symptoms, urging the medical community to recognize and validate patient struggles. She highlighted the emotional toll of being disbelieved and the urgent need for comprehensive care and understanding for millions suffering from long COVID.
Challenges in Pediatric and Adolescent Long COVID
Dr. Melissa Stockwell addressed a major misconception: that children are unlikely to suffer from long COVID. She argued the opposite, citing estimates that 2% to 10% of children may be affected, which translates to millions of cases. Challenges in this area include vague symptoms in children, lack of standardized research protocols, and insufficient clinical trials. The RECOVER-Pediatrics initiative is working to develop tools like age-specific indexes to aid diagnosis and research, but more pediatric-focused studies are urgently needed.
Current Therapeutic Limitations
Dr. Igho Ofotokun discussed the difficulties in developing effective treatments for long COVID due to its varied manifestations and poorly understood mechanisms. Current therapeutic efforts fall into three main categories:
- Antivirals: Trials involving nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) have shown minimal or no benefit for long COVID patients.
- Immune Modulators: Low-dose naltrexone and GLP-1 receptor agonists are being explored for their potential anti-inflammatory effects.
- Symptomatic Relief: Techniques like stellate ganglion block injections may help alleviate certain neurocognitive and inflammatory symptoms.
Pharmacists as Key Team Members in Long COVID Care
As no single treatment currently exists for long COVID, pharmacists play a vital role in patient care. They help validate patient experiences, manage symptoms, and prevent harmful drug interactions—especially important when patients self-prescribe supplements or medications.
Pharmacists act as accessible healthcare providers who can guide patients toward appropriate specialists, educate parents about pediatric long COVID, and help evaluate complex medication regimens. Their ability to monitor polypharmacy and address drug-drug interactions makes them indispensable in long COVID care teams.
Conclusion
While long COVID research and treatment remain in early and uncertain stages, the involvement of pharmacists provides a critical bridge in care. Their expertise in medication management, patient communication, and symptom control makes them essential members of healthcare teams navigating the ongoing challenges of long COVID.