News from Cochrane

15 Jan 2025
The arrival of 2025 means that we are now wrapping up our Future of Evidence Synthesis Programme, with several projects now closed and a few more due to wrap up by April 2025. All aspects of the programme were designed to ensure that Cochrane is well-placed to meet rapidly shifting needs and challenges in global healthcare. It has been an ambitious programme that has introduced some important changes to how Cochrane develops, publishes, and shares its reviews.

Cochrane’s Future of Evidence Synthesis Programme: A Transformation
 
https://register-of-charities.chari...-charities/-/charity-details/1045921/trustees

Just noting that the Cochrane Collaboration is a charity governed by the Charity Commission of England and Wales.

Many of the Trustees appear to have changed in November 2024. Perhaps the new trustees are not aware in any detail of the September decision on the Larun et al review; perhaps to the contrary, they are supportive of it. Perhaps some of the trustees who stood down in 2024 were not supportive of the decision and may be concerned about the events of December.

Person, role, date of appointment, other trusteeships

Dr Susan Phillips, Chair, 15 July 2024, None on record

Professor Vanessa Jordan-Cole, Trustee, 25 November 2024, None on record
Dr Giordano Perez Gaxiola, Trustee, 25 November 2024, None on record
Professor Joerg Meerpohl, Trustee, 25 November 2024, None on record

Nigel Jones, Trustee, 12 August 2024, THE GRACE MEMORIAL TRUST, West Sussex Mind

Professor Gillian Leng, Trustee, 01 October 2022, THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE
Dr Wendy Sue Levinson, Trustee, 01 October 2022, None on record

Emma Eleanor Beatrice Persad, Trustee, 29 November 2021, None on record

Professor Tamara Kredo, Trustee, 24 August 2020, None on record
Dr Juan Victor Ariel Franco, Trustee, 24 August 2020, None on record
 
https://register-of-charities.chari...s/-/charity-details/1045921/financial-history

On the finances of the Cochrane Collaboration, it appears that they had no UK government contracts and received no UK government grants, at least up to the end of 2023. It did however receive 9 million pounds of income from 'charitable activities' in 2023.

Excerpts from the 2023 Annual Report
Cochrane's governing body is the Governing Board (the Board) and members of the Board are the Charity’s Trustees. The Board determines the overall strategic direction in line with the charitable objectives and governs the Charity on behalf of the organization’s members.

The Board scrutinises the management functions that have been delegated to the Executive Leadership Team. A framework sets out the authority delegated to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Editor in Chief (EIC) by the Board.

All Trustees adhere to a Governing Board Charter and Code of Conduct for Trustees and take part in regular training and development.

In September 2023, the Governing Board agreed that the Cochrane Council would not continue to operate after the end of 2023. A working group made up of members of the Council and the Governing Board agreed to work together during the first half of 2024 to develop new and improved ways of engaging with the Cochrane community.

The Future Engagement Mechanisms Working Group met on 12 December 2023 and again on 21 February 2024, it will develop a proposal to present to the Board during the first half of 2024.

Following our response to the World Health Organization (WHO) consultation on global clinical trials policy and our ongoing advocacy and partnership work with WHO, Cochrane’s Editor in Chief was appointed to a new WHO Technical Advisory Group on Development of Guidance on Best Practices for Clinical Trials (in a personal capacity). This will be a key opportunity to input into this policy priority, which was initiated and supported by several governments at the World Health Assembly in May 2022.

We are in the process of formalising a partnership with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which is expected to be agreed and signed in 2024.

Cochrane sent a delegation, comprising Cochrane leadership and representatives of Cochrane Rehabilitation and Cochrane Switzerland, to the 76th World Health Assembly (WHA76) in May 2023. This gave us the opportunity to meet with key partners and build our network. WHA76 also marked the historic passing of the first ever resolution on strengthening rehabilitation in health systems. To commemorate the occasion, Cochrane supported a side event organised with NGOs and professional associations working in the field of rehabilitation and sponsored by five member states. Prof Stefano Negrini, Director of Cochrane Rehabilitation, represented Cochrane and spoke on the importance of using the best possible evidence for rehabilitation.

In November 2023, we hosted a workshop on initiating the Cochrane Scientific Strategy at WHO headquarters in Geneva. The workshop was attended by 18 WHO officials including the Director of Special Programmes on Primary Healthcare, the Director of the Health and Migration team, the Director of the Department for Social Determinants of Health and the Director of Quality Assurance of Norms and Standards. Through this, we were able to build new relationships and strengthen existing relationships throughout WHO. We continue to have follow-up meetings on the ongoing development of the Scientific Strategy.
 
More excerpts from the 2023 Annual Report:

News and social media coverage of Cochrane reviews reached unprecedented levels in 2023. ... Three of the ten most talked-about Cochrane reviews of all time were published in 2023. The ten highest-scoring reviews of 2023 are listed below alongside their Altmetric scores.
  1. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses (26,212)
How to spin a debacle as a positive! - that's the masks review with its Altmetric score of 26,000. Number 2 on the list had an Altmetric score of just 3,000.


Principal Funding Sources

Core income referred to in this report comes from publishing income, as described below. These funds support the Charity’s staff – the Central Executive Team – in the publication of systematic reviews through the Cochrane Library as well as the delivery of other key charitable objectives.

The global network of Groups that contribute towards the work of Cochrane are based in other organizations - such as universities and hospitals - which provide direct or indirect funding to support them. Cochrane Groups are responsible for sourcing their own funding to support Cochrane Review preparation and related activities. This funding comes principally from national and trans-national government sources (typically from departments and agencies involved in health or research), and national and international charitable bodies. Some Cochrane Groups also raise funds through training activities. Globally, and based on previous reporting, this Group funding equates to £10-£15 million GBP per annum when converted from local currencies into GBP but is not shown in the Charity’s accounts as it is not accessible by the Charity.

The major risk exposure in Cochrane’s income portfolio is its dependence on publishing income from royalties received from sales of licences to the Cochrane Library, which represents nearly 80% of annual turnover. Cochrane’s expressed commitment is that Cochrane will achieve universal Open Access to Cochrane systematic reviews immediately on publication for both new and updated reviews. A considerable amount of work is underway to assess Open Access models and - in January 2024 - Cochrane’s Board agreed on a roadmap to Open Access that will support our ambition and sustainability.
Moving to Open Access will presumably require a different funding model. This seems to be 'fundraising' - which makes sense, as 11 million pounds is relatively small change for an organisation like Cochrane to raise.

In 2023, the Board approved a new income generation strategy, and a Head of Fundraising was appointed. A new Fundraising team will be recruited in 2024.

During the year we joined the Institute of Fundraising and registered with the UK Fundraising Regulator, demonstrating our commitment to good fundraising practice. We have committed to follow the Code of Fundraising Practice and the Fundraising Promise.

In 2023, we updated additional policies and procedures designed to manage reputational risk, including those covering organizational (non-content) conflicts of interest, data protection and controversial reviews. Our newly appointed Head of Communications is leading work on building and safeguarding our reputation. We instigated a new policy to handle controversial reviews with support from the Editorial Board. We secured the services of mediation specialists Envoy to help develop our complaints policy and handle reputational issues relating to complaints.

In 2024, we will continue to monitor and address any reputational risk. The Communications team will procure new media monitoring software and develop pro-active campaigns to bolster our reputation. We continue to work with Envoy on complaint resolution.
 
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https://register-of-charities.chari...s/-/charity-details/1045921/financial-history

On the finances of the Cochrane Collaboration, it appears that they had no UK government contracts and received no UK government grants, at least up to the end of 2023. It did however receive 9 million pounds of income from 'charitable activities' in 2023.

Excerpts from the 2023 Annual Report
Cochrane's governing body is the Governing Board (the Board) and members of the Board are the Charity’s Trustees. The Board determines the overall strategic direction in line with the charitable objectives and governs the Charity on behalf of the organization’s members.

The Board scrutinises the management functions that have been delegated to the Executive Leadership Team. A framework sets out the authority delegated to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Editor in Chief (EIC) by the Board.

All Trustees adhere to a Governing Board Charter and Code of Conduct for Trustees and take part in regular training and development.

In September 2023, the Governing Board agreed that the Cochrane Council would not continue to operate after the end of 2023. A working group made up of members of the Council and the Governing Board agreed to work together during the first half of 2024 to develop new and improved ways of engaging with the Cochrane community.

The Future Engagement Mechanisms Working Group met on 12 December 2023 and again on 21 February 2024, it will develop a proposal to present to the Board during the first half of 2024.

Following our response to the World Health Organization (WHO) consultation on global clinical trials policy and our ongoing advocacy and partnership work with WHO, Cochrane’s Editor in Chief was appointed to a new WHO Technical Advisory Group on Development of Guidance on Best Practices for Clinical Trials (in a personal capacity). This will be a key opportunity to input into this policy priority, which was initiated and supported by several governments at the World Health Assembly in May 2022.

We are in the process of formalising a partnership with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which is expected to be agreed and signed in 2024.

Cochrane sent a delegation, comprising Cochrane leadership and representatives of Cochrane Rehabilitation and Cochrane Switzerland, to the 76th World Health Assembly (WHA76) in May 2023. This gave us the opportunity to meet with key partners and build our network. WHA76 also marked the historic passing of the first ever resolution on strengthening rehabilitation in health systems. To commemorate the occasion, Cochrane supported a side event organised with NGOs and professional associations working in the field of rehabilitation and sponsored by five member states. Prof Stefano Negrini, Director of Cochrane Rehabilitation, represented Cochrane and spoke on the importance of using the best possible evidence for rehabilitation.

In November 2023, we hosted a workshop on initiating the Cochrane Scientific Strategy at WHO headquarters in Geneva. The workshop was attended by 18 WHO officials including the Director of Special Programmes on Primary Healthcare, the Director of the Health and Migration team, the Director of the Department for Social Determinants of Health and the Director of Quality Assurance of Norms and Standards. Through this, we were able to build new relationships and strengthen existing relationships throughout WHO. We continue to have follow-up meetings on the ongoing development of the Scientific Strategy.
What are the charitable activities? And is £9m in 2023 a significantly different amount to what they received by those in previous years?
 
Hilda Bastian has posted another blog about Cochrane, mainly concerning open access to Cochrane reviews & how this might be funded, but which also highlights a number of the problems with their recent direction:
However, Cochrane has recently been peeling away critical features that made Cochrane reviews unique. In mid-2023, for example, they curtailed editorial responsibility for being responsive to criticisms of reviews. Sometime in late 2024, they abandoned longstanding policy around notifying readers of the update status of reviews. I and others are having a debate with them about this direction, which they describe as a move to “align with standard publishing practices for academic journals.” These recent policy decisions fundamentally change the nature of Cochrane reviews. At the same time, inflammatory decisions about high-profile reviews has been chipping away at its reputation.
https://absolutelymaybe.plos.org/2025/03/23/paths-to-full-open-access-for-cochrane-reviews/
 
From Hilda's blog, the news that Catherine Spencer is stepping down as the CEO of Cochrane.
Hilda said:
The debate over its recent decisions, and now the sudden departure of its CEO this month, offer Cochrane’s leadership a valuable opportunity to change course.

Spencer took on that role in 2022, so she has played a role in the mess that was the new Exercise Therapy for CFS review.

This is from the Cochrane website:
Catherine Spencer steps down as CEO of Cochrane

Catherine Spencer OBE, who served as the Cochrane Collaboration’s Chief Executive Officer since 2022, has decided to step down from the role.

Catherine has led Cochrane through transformational change, developing a new strategy for a more evidence-informed world and ensuring the organization is well-placed to deliver it. She has helped to cement Cochrane’s reputation as a world-leading source of trustworthy evidence and expand the charity’s reach and impact around the world.

“I have been so fortunate to work with incredibly talented and loyal colleagues, Board Members and community members,” said Catherine. “All have worked hard to ensure that Cochrane has a great future and is a wonderful environment in which to work and grow. I wish all the team well as they focus on the continued success of Cochrane.”

There is more about her here
https://www.globalevidencesummit.org/profile/catherine-spencer/
Prior to her experiences in Bangladesh, Catherine spent seven years at the Army Families Federation in senior management positions, including three as Chief Executive. Catherine was also a trustee and council member of a wide range of grant-giving and advocacy organizations.

A senior executive with sixteen years’ experience, Catherine focuses on developing the people and environment that make organisations work.

It's interesting to see Catherine Spencer's role in the Army Families Federation. Wessely seems to move in Defence Forces circles - that military connection with psychosomatic medicine has come up a few times. She has an OBE, awarded in 2023.

I guess we can only watch with interest to see who they next appoint to the CEO role. I think the background of the next CEO will tell us if the Cochrane governing Board have any intention of cutting out the rotten parts the organisation and living up to its professed values.

Dr Karla Soares-Weiser is the acting CEO.
 
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‪Hilda Bastian

Cochrane has amended the editorial note on the #MECFS exercise review for the 2nd time since issuing it. Some improvement, which is good to see. But they still haven't gone far enough

https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub9/full

Our comment online https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cds....pub9/detailed-comment/en?messageId=451525047

#CochraneStuff

From: https://bsky.app/profile/hildabast.bsky.social/post/3llaowdevrc2y


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This post has been copied to

2025: The 2019/24 Cochrane Larun review Exercise Therapy for CFS - including IAG, campaign, petition, comments and articles
Please head to that thread to continue the discussion on the review
 
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