@dave30thThe Department of Health's 2008 Departmental Report gave the NHS financial settlement for 2008/9 as being £97.1 billion (Page 148, Figure 9.5). So £2.89bn would be less than 3% (2.98% to be more precise) of the total NHS budget for that year. The 10% figure that Professor Chew-Graham is so fond of is more than a threefold exaggeration of the actual spending on MUS as a percentage of the total NHS budget for that year
Thanks for looking this up.
Important to remember that Bermingham et al. calculate the “somatisation-specific costs among working age population in
England 2008-2009” as £2.892 billion. So when they say, “This represents approximately 10% of total NHS expenditure on these services for the working-age population in 2008–2009,” they could be referring to the total NHS expenditure on “these services” in England, rather than the UK as a whole. Reading the paper quickly, there seems to be some ambiguity and a lack of references for some of the figures.
The paper also seems to assume that MUS is synonymous with “somatisation”. But if somatisation explains the symptoms, how can they be considered unexplained? Is this an unintended admission that somatisation isn’t a real explanation for anything?
Another thing which struck me was that the definition of MUS seems to be very broad, including self-harm, sexual dysfunction, self-esteem issues, and “medically unexplained decline” in cancer patients – perhaps because it was deemed expedient to make the cost of MUS look as high as possible – but there is no mention of ME/CFS, chronic fatigue or even fatigue, as there has been in other literature about MUS. I wonder why that might be.
Also, in the intro, the authors write, “Nor is somatisation a modern phenomenon in the illness experience. Over 2000 years ago Galen noted that 60% of people visiting a doctor suffered from symptoms that had emotional rather than physical causes.” Interesting reference given how poorly understood nearly all diseases were at that time and how many were wrongly attributed to hysteria, somatisation or other such nonsense. Another unintended admission of how outdated and unhelpful the concept of somatisation is?
It is worth noting that, according to
livescience.com, Galen’s text On Affected Parts suggests that “women became hysterical, and could suffer from ‘hysterical suffocation,’ or apnea, when they stopped having intercourse. The condition could make them ‘apnoic, suffocated or spastic’”
He also subscribed to Hippocrates’s humors theory which stated that mood is determined by imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm. Clearly a pioneer of the BPS model.
Looking forward to
@dave30th ‘s further analysis. Thanks for another important blog.