Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome as a Sequela of COVID-19, 2022, Ormiston et al

Abstract

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a complex, multisystem disorder characterized by orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia and may be triggered by viral infection. Recent reports indicate 2-14% of COVID-19 survivors develop POTS and 9-61% experience POTS-like symptoms, such as tachycardia, orthostatic intolerance, fatigue, and cognitive impairment within 6-8 months following a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of Post-COVID-19 POTS are not well understood. Current hypotheses include autoimmunity related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, autonomic dysfunction, direct toxic injury by SARS-CoV-2 to the autonomic nervous system, and invasion of the central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2.

Practitioners should actively assess for POTS in patients with post-acute COVID syndrome symptoms. Given symptoms of Post-COVID-19 POTS are predominantly chronic orthostatic tachycardia, lifestyle modifications in combination with the use of heart rate-lowering medications along with other pharmacotherapies should be considered.

For example, ivabradine or beta-blockers in combination with compression stockings and increasing salt and fluid intake has shown potential. Treatment teams should be multidisciplinary, including physicians of various specialties, nurses, psychologists, and physiotherapists.

Additionally, more resources to adequately care for this patient population are urgently needed given the increased demand for autonomic specialists and clinics since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considering our limited understanding of Post-COVID-19 POTS, further research on topics such as its natural history, pathophysiological mechanisms, and ideal treatment is warranted.

This review evaluates the current literature available on the associations between COVID-19 and POTS, possible mechanisms, patient assessment, treatments, and future directions to improving our understanding of Post-COVID-19 POTS.

https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(22)02185-3/fulltext

 

Hey, welcome to Summer 2020, folks. Wait until they find out what happens next!