AI Summary:
ME/CFS: "There Must Finally Be Progress" – The Long Search for Medications Against ME/CFS
Hundreds of thousands of people in Germany suffer from ME/CFS and long for effective treatment. So far, there are no approved therapies specifically for this disease. But researchers are increasingly optimistic.
Julian Nejkow has stopped counting how many substances he has tried in the past 11 years. “25? 30? Including supplements, probably around 100.” Like many others with
ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome), each attempt represented
a new glimmer of hope, but success was rare.
He fell ill after a
severe Legionella infection in 2014, and since then, symptoms like exhaustion after minimal effort, dizziness, muscle pain, and cognitive issues have made life almost impossible.
Rising Awareness After COVID-19
When Nejkow first heard of ME/CFS in 2016,
there was no real treatment and hardly any expertise. Only after the
COVID-19 pandemic did ME/CFS gain more public and scientific attention, as many Long COVID sufferers exhibited similar symptoms.
“We’ve never been closer to real breakthroughs. We now understand the disease mechanisms and already have approved drugs,”
says Carmen Scheibenbogen, immunologist at Charité Berlin.
An Overlooked Disease with Devastating Impact
Although ME/CFS was classified by the
WHO in 1969, for decades it was under-researched. Treatments were mostly off-label and
ineffective for most patients.
According to the
German ME/CFS Society, it is one of the
most disabling diseases, characterized by:
- Severe fatigue after minimal exertion
- Cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”)
- Sensory sensitivity
- Muscle and nerve pain
- A massive reduction in quality of life
The disease went largely unnoticed—until now. New estimates suggest that
ME/CFS and Long COVID cost Germany over €63 billion annually. Yet, progress in developing treatments remains slow.
New Scientific Understanding: Autoantibodies and Nervous System Dysfunction
Recent findings reveal that
autoantibodies may play a key role, attacking stress receptors that regulate blood flow and nerve signals. This impairs oxygen supply to the mitochondria (the cells' energy centers), causing
cellular energy deficits.
To spread this knowledge, the
German ME/CFS Society published a medical guideline for practitioners on diagnostics and treatment strategies.
Drug Development: Repurposing Existing Medications
Instead of developing entirely new drugs, researchers are exploring
existing medications. Promising candidates include:
- Vidofludimus
- Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)
- Rapamycin
- Vericiguat
- Nattokinase
A once-promising experimental drug,
BC007, failed in a major study but showed limited benefits in follow-ups.
In
Norway, a drug targeting
plasma cells (that produce autoantibodies) showed
strong results, and new studies involving
monoclonal antibodies used in cancer and autoimmune diseases are underway—though still lacking funding.
"Drug repurposing has huge potential,"
says Janina Werther, a representative of the German ME/CFS Society,
noting that using existing drugs reduces cost and time to market.
The Greatest Barrier: Funding
While research efforts in Germany and Austria have increased significantly—from
5 studies in 2019 to 42 in 2024—money remains the biggest hurdle.
“We need large-scale studies to get medications approved,”
says Scheibenbogen.
“That requires serious funding, which pharma companies are still hesitant to provide.”
So far,
only public funding can push these efforts forward.
A Call for Action – and a Glimmer of Hope
Julian Nejkow has seen temporary improvement through
antibody therapies, but his condition is too unstable for more treatment at the moment. He advocates for fellow patients, many of whom are in
even worse conditions, living in darkness and isolation.
“We can’t leave these people behind,” he says. “Something must finally move forward.”
Right now, the only medication he has left is: hope.