The COVID-19 pandemic has been filled with unexpected and difficult health challenges, many of which researchers are beginning to understand better. But among the challenges that still remain is long COVID — a complex and often taxing illness that scientists can't yet fully explain.
Long COVID (also classified as “post-COVID conditions” by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is a group of symptoms that can form a complex chronic illness, triggered by a COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of long COVID are often (though not always) multi-systemic, and can be disabling, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, neurological issues, gastro-intestinal symptoms, and post-exertional malaise (PEM) – symptoms worsening after mental, emotional, or physical exertion. Long COVID can persist for weeks, months, or years, and shares similarities with other chronic illnesses, like ME/CFS and dysautonomia, which are also sometimes triggered by a viral infection. Researchers estimate that long COVID may develop in as many as 30% of all COVID-19 cases (including initially mild or asymptomatic cases), though other research suggests much lower numbers. Some cases may go uncounted, and long COVID is an umbrella term that includes a range of experiences. Current COVID-19 vaccines may not prevent long COVID, according to a 2022 study, but they may reduce the risk slightly overall.
Because there's so little information on it, some people with long COVID are initially surprised to be experiencing disabling health issues. For a lot of young people, long COVID is the first time they’ve had to grapple with a chronic health issue, or the possibility of permanent disability. For others, earlier life experiences with disability have provided crucial frameworks through which to understand long COVID-related struggles, like unemployment, loss of relationships, and access issues.
Long COVID can impact everyone differently, and symptoms can be wide-ranging, so we talked to some people who are experiencing the condition. They talk about symptoms, what it feels like to have long COVID, and the many ways it’s impacted their lives. Here, 14 long-haulers describe life with long COVID.
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