Participants with ME/CFS described a situation in which lack of a diagnostic test and uncertain aetiology left individuals feeling lost, desperate to make sense of their symptoms, and often unsupported by health professionals (Q13, Q14). Research was depicted not only as offering hope of understanding their symptoms, but also of being able to demonstrate proof of disease to regain self‐respect and respect from others.
In contrast, as MS participants noted, MS is an illness with a known disease process. Nevertheless, during the first years of their illness, three of the MS participants had been mistakenly diagnosed with ME/CFS (Q15), and two had their symptoms attributed to psychological causes. Their accounts of these experiences mirrored those of the ME/CFS participants, describing a sense of “limbo” (Q16), with loss of self‐confidence and feelings of despair. The turning point in their illness trajectory appeared to be receiving a definite diagnosis of MS. One MS participant vividly described his sense of relief at feeling that he was “not going mad,” and to have a label for his illness (Q17). Others described similar feelings of restored coherence, being able to deal with the situation, and being able to communicate their illness to others without fearing judgmental reactions (Q18, Q19). MS participants linked receiving a diagnosis not only with a sense of validation and restored social acceptance, but also the ability to access support (Q20). It is important to emphasize, however, that for some, diagnosis of MS had felt completely devastating, with no positive aspects, described by one as “the biggest kick in the teeth ever” (Q21).