Labelling CFS: the disadvantages
Arguments against the act of diagnosis for the most part thrive on the mediating effects of pessimistic illness beliefs on the course of complaints. Diagnosis elicits the belief the patient has a serious disease, leading to symptom focusing that becomes self-validating and self-reinforcing and that renders worse outcomes, a self-fulfilling prophecy, especially if the label is a biomedical one like ME. Diagnosis leads to transgression into the sick role, the act of becoming a patient even if complaints do not call for it, the development of an illness identity and the experience of victimization. Diagnosis may send patients in the direction of support groups, with their overrepresentation of chronic sufferers and frequent anti-psychiatric attitudes, although we should acknowledge the distinction between bona fide patient organizations and radical Internet pressure groups that are waiting for the still elusive ‘medical breakthrough’, relying solely on alternative treatments in the meantime. The dangers of labelling have raised some voices to abandon diagnostic labels such as CFS altogether.
In sum, receiving a CFS diagnosis may contain a harmful message that triggers or validates perceptions of ill health and catastrophic outcomes. If this message takes root in a person suffering from fatigue, prompted by personal beliefs, comments by others or the hostile reception of a physician, it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy that perpetuates and exacerbates symptoms, with comprehensive consequences.