Just further on that, in case anyone wanted to respond to Essen University:
from the BMJ: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in Germany
They found that "the 12 month prevalence for any mental disorder was 31%" in this random sample of German adults. PTSD was not assessed.
So, it's actually possible to say that mental disorders are less common in people turning up to the Essen Hospital with lingering effects of Covid-19.
from the BMJ: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in Germany
They found that "the 12 month prevalence for any mental disorder was 31%" in this random sample of German adults. PTSD was not assessed.
So, it's actually possible to say that mental disorders are less common in people turning up to the Essen Hospital with lingering effects of Covid-19.
Design:
Cross sectional study.
Setting:
113 communities across Germany; June 1998 to October 1999.
Population:
4181 adults, aged 18–65 years, randomly drawn from population registries (113 randomly selected communities and 130 sampling units). People who were hospitalised for the entire recruitment period were excluded.
Assessment:
The Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS) was a subsection of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHSCS) (n = 7124). Individuals who screened positive in a 12 item questionnaire in the core survey, and 50% of those screening negative, were contacted for a structured clinical interview. Participants were assessed for a wide range of DSM-IV disorders, their comorbidity and correlation with other factors. Data were weighted for 50% negative response exclusion, sex, age, and community. Prevalence estimates and odds ratios (using logistical regression) were calculated.
Outcomes:
Mental disorders (DSM-IV), including psychotic disorders, substance abuse, depression, bipolar mood disorder, anxiety disorders, and somatic and eating disorders. Subthreshold diagnoses were noted. Post-traumatic stress disorder and antisocial personality disorder were not assessed. Healthcare usage was assessed and reported as “at least minimal intervention”. Information was obtained via structured computer assisted clinical interviews (M-CIDI) by clinically trained personnel.
Follow up period:
12 months.
MAIN RESULTS
The 12 month prevalence for any mental disorder was 31%. Anxiety, depression, and somatoform disorders were most common (any mood disorder: 11.9%; unipolar depression: 10.7%; any anxiety disorder: 14.5%; phobias: 12.6%; any somatoform disorder: 11.0%). Eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and illegal drug abuse had the lowest rates (0.3%, 0.7%, and 0.7%). Prevalence of possible psychosis was 2.6%. Comorbidity rates ranged from 44% (alcohol abuse) to 94% (generalised anxiety), with 60.5% of individuals with mental disorders having a single diagnosis. Most disorders emerged at a young age (median age for lifetime disorders was 20 years); depression and psychosis started later (medians of 31 and 37 years). Increased rates of mental illness were associated with being female, single, low social class, or of poor health. Forty per cent of participants received “at least minimal intervention” and this rate depended on comorbidity (single disorder 30%, 76% for high comorbidity).
CONCLUSIONS
Mental disorders are highly prevalent in the adult German population with rates similar to other national studies. Disorders start early in life and are often comorbid.