Psychological therapists' judgements of pain and treatment decisions: The impact of ‘medically unexplained symptoms’, 2020, Jones & Williams

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002239991930666X#!

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Available online 21 January 2020, 109937
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Psychological therapists' judgements of pain and treatment decisions: The impact of ‘medically unexplained symptoms’
BrittniJones
Amanda C.de C Williams

a
Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
b
Millfields Personality Disorder Unit, John Howard Centre, London, 12 Kenworthy Road, Homerton, London E9 5TD, United Kingdom
Received 25 June 2019, Revised 15 January 2020, Accepted 18 January 2020, Available online 21 January 2020.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109937Get rights and content

Highlights



Increasing numbers of people with chronic pain and medically unexplained symptoms are treated with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).


This research investigates CBT therapists' judgments of pain and treatment decisions for these patients.



Abstract
Background
Clinical judgments of pain are influenced by patient and observer factors, and affect their treatment decisions. This study investigated the factors of a lack of a medical explanation for pain, ‘medically unexplained’ comorbid conditions, and ethnicity, on CBT therapists' judgments of pain and treatment.

Method
An online experimental study was conducted in which participants viewed computer-generated faces expressing pain with a brief written patient history, then estimated the severity and likely exaggeration of pain, and likelihood of pain being caused by a mental or physical health problem. Participants ranked a number of treatment options for priority.

Results
107 CBT therapists were recruited as participants. Estimates of pain were lower, and of likely exaggeration higher, for patients with pain presented without a medical explanation or with a comorbid ‘medically unexplained’ condition. They were also more likely to be recommended CBT for depression over referral to a specialist service or psychological treatment for pain. Contrary to expectations, ethnicity produced no effect on pain judgments, only on treatment decisions. Participants' training also affected their treatment decisions.

Conclusions
Lack of medical explanation for pain and other long-term conditions biases assessment and treatment decisions by CBT therapists. As CBT therapists are increasingly referred people with ‘medically unexplained’ symptoms in primary care, these biases need to be addressed for better treatment.
 
I can't access the full text at the moment. This is what a Google Scholar alert shows me:
… All of these labels attempt to encompass a range of symptoms and disorders including chronic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome … and incorrect understanding of chronic pain and chronic fatigue syndrome as 'medically …
 
I am interested in understanding how people who believe in psychogenic illness think.

This is an interesting study. It appears to show that a lack of medical explanation for pain, incombination with a diagnosis of CFS, has the following effects when compared to a patient with medically explained pain:

The patient's pain is rated as less severe (-.648 points difference on a 0-10 scale).
The patient is more likely to be suspected of exaggerating their pain (.93 points difference).
The cause of the patient's pain is more likely to be suspected a mental health problem (2.27 points difference).
The cause of the patient's pain is less likely to be suspected a physical health problem (-2.10 points difference).

Unfortunately it's rather easy to criticize this study, because I have doubts that such an experiment accurately reflects reality. The participants could be altering their responses due to being observed (hiding their own ugly biases), and because it doesn't replicate a patient talking face to face with a health care worker.
 
Arguably they haven't the appropriate skill set to assess these patients effectively anyway.
I don't think its arguable. NOBODY has the skills yet, we need objective tests for that and objective pain tests are still needing better research. You might think that under this condition that the precautionary principle, where physicians don't jump to conclusions, should dominate. Its clear this is not the case with many physicians.

I still think psychogenic medicine functions as an escape clause so physicians can pass patients along and absolve themselves of responsibility. Yes, its hard, that is no excuse.
 
If there ever was a way to objectively show just how wrong they are at assessing whether someone is exaggerating, or hiding, I wonder if they would be horrified or insist that the test must be wrong. Literally no human ever has had those skills when detached from a confident diagnosis expressly accounting for pain. I don't know where the misplaced confidence comes from that they are nailing it, but in reality this ideology tends to do far worse than chance (I consider incorrectly labeling pain as psychological as an error, recognition as such isn't useful) when there is a strong belief in psychogenic stuff.

I don't know how well a photo can capture the real experience, it would be worth doing more in-depth, but there's still no objective value that can be compared to. Cognitive problems leading to difficulty expressing and responding to questions likely plays a huge role in deciding someone is exaggerating, that requires in-person dialogue. There are certain types that are probably more identifiable, but even then the belief that CBT has any impact beyond answers on a questionnaire is itself a problem.

False attribution error syndrome strikes again.

This is a pretty sober, and accurate, realization:
Studies of chronic pain as a psychosomatic disorder have failed to show that it meets criteria (Crombez et al., 2009). Psychological factors can influence chronic pain for some, but there is no evidence for the traditional theory of somatisation that posits that emotional distress manifests through physical symptoms.
I agree with the "for some". This is essentially the same excuse with PACE. Problem is we have no means to accurately diagnose and many are negatively impacted under the current approach of "yeah yeah, for some, but you still have to do it and if you don't get better it's still your fault". And the "for some" is likely an almost infinitesimal number, likely a low single-digit % that have very different features outside of superficial similarity.
 
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