Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation, 2022, Ineichen et al.

Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation
Benjamin V. Ineichen; Serhat V. Okar; Steven T. Proulx; Britta Engelhardt; Hans Lassmann; Daniel S. Reich

It is uncontested that perivascular spaces play critical roles in maintaining homeostasis and priming neuroinflammation. However, despite more than a century of intense research on perivascular spaces, many open questions remain about the anatomical compartment surrounding blood vessels within the CNS.

The goal of this comprehensive review is to summarize the literature on perivascular spaces in human neuroinflammation and associated animal disease models. We describe the cell types taking part in the morphological and functional aspects of perivascular spaces and how those spaces can be visualized. Based on this, we propose a model of the cascade of events occurring during neuroinflammatory pathology. We also discuss current knowledge gaps and limitations of the available evidence. An improved understanding of perivascular spaces could advance our comprehension of the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and open a new therapeutic window for neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Link | PDF (Neuron) paywalled

 

Review article. Overview of sections —

A Brief History Of Perivascular Spaces

Anatomy And Visualization Of Perivascular Spaces

• Definition of perivascular spaces
• Histopathology and electron microscopy
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Associations between enlarged perivascular spaces and neuroinflammatory diseases

Fluid Circulation In Perivascular Spaces

• Perivascular fluid dynamics
• Molecular transport in the perivascular space
• The glymphatic hypothesis

Immune Cells And Other Cells In Perivascular Spaces

Functional Aspects Of Perivascular Spaces In Neuroinflammation

• Endothelial barrier
• Sojourn in the perivascular space
• Parenchymal border

Perivascular Spaces And The Central Vein

Translational Aspects Of Perivascular Spaces

Knowledge Gaps

Limitations Of The Available Evidence

Conclusions

 

Key quotes from "Definition of perivascular spaces" —

(I wonder if white matter hyperintensities may be perivascular spaces that are sometimes T2/FLAIR bright or only FLAIR bright depending on their fluid or cellular content.)

 

Key quotes from "Magnetic resonance imaging" —

 

Key quotes from "Fluid circulation in perivascular spaces" —

"Perivascular fluid dynamics"

"Molecular transport in the perivascular space"

"The glymphatic hypothesis"

 

Key quotes from "Immune Cells And Other Cells In Perivascular Spaces" —

 

Key quotes from "Functional Aspects Of Perivascular Spaces In Neuroinflammation" —

 

Key quotes from "Knowledge Gaps" —

There are [four] critical gaps in knowledge about perivascular space anatomy and function.[/QUOTE]

 

Sure are, seeing as you asked so nicely



Imaging-histological correlation. I imagine I - and most of us here - have MRIs that look a little similar to the second row (though hopefully without the atrophy of a presumed neurodegenerative case). Third row is a postmortem correlation. Rows 1 and 4 are mouse studies, with row 4 being in vivo and ex vivo equivalents showing tracer around the vessels.