Increasing evidence suggests that the severe gum disease, periodontitis, may contribute to central nervous system disorders through chronic inflammation. However, its role in multiple sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, has been unclear. A research team has conducted a study with findings that suggest a potential association between the relative abundance of
Fusobacterium nucleatum (
F. nucleatum), a bacterium found in the mouth, and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
Their research is published in the journal
Scientific Reports on November 3, 2025.
Multiple sclerosis is a central inflammatory demyelinating disease that targets the myelin sheath, the protective layer that wraps around some nerve cells. While the specific cause of multiple sclerosis remains unknown, viral infections, smoking, vitamin deficiencies, and genetic predispositions are thought to be possible contributing factors.
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis has been steadily increasing in Japan since the 1980s. This rapid increase might be influenced by environmental changes. Scientists have extensively studied alterations in the gut microbiome related to this. Recent attention has expanded to include the possible role of oral microbiota, alongside
gut microbiota, in central
nervous system diseases.
Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that triggers persistent inflammation in periodontal tissues. It ultimately destroys the connective tissues and alveolar bone and result in tooth loss. Periodontal disease is common, with a global prevalence of 40 to 60 percent. Researchers know that it increases the risk of diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.