understood
i do not understand
Yes thats true. In late stages patients often end up on drugs to deal with cognitive issues caused by the increased Dopamine, i was just referencing this the other day
Parkinson's treatment involves modulation of dopamine. As dopamine rises and falls, there are natural psychological consequences. So I saw that being discussed, but not the idea of Parkinson's itself being psychosomatic... and I searched around quite a bit.
Not to mention the stereotypy or erratic or obsessional behaviours such as gambling or addictive behaviours that can be caused by Dopamine agonists like Mirapex or Requip
Yeah, i wonder if anyone saw that coming when these drugs were being conceptualized......mostly what I was reading about![]()
I refer to Germany, where during the "Action T4" also people with Parkinson's and epilepsy were killed, and if you look into the lists, Parkinson's must have been replaced (e.g. idiocy, imbecility - you don't find Parkinson's very often) or such a diagnosis was added. Epilepsy was viewed as an inherited disease and "bad genes" that needs to disappear; the entire context shows it was viewed as psychiatric. Often, "diagnoses" like idiocy, imbecility and so on were added later. It must have been very common in those times to get an encephalitis due to an infection, and several children and grown-ups remained disabled afterwards. Their diagnosis often was "encephalitis", with idiocy, embicility and/or madness being added at some point.This i did not know
Do you happen to have a reference, i hope to someday make a list of diseases where this was the case?
I have found no information that Parkinson's was viewed as psychosomatic, only that it was viewed as psychiatric. I understand that brain/psyche weren't differentiated. (Something some psychiatrists want to have today again; also, "research" on the genetic background of "psychiatric illnesses" is quite present, something that rings a bell in the past.) I would like to know more, maybe I can find something.Nice article (in a sad way) but it doesn't say Parkinsons was thought of as psychosomatic
EgadsI refer to Germany, where during the "Action T4" also people with Parkinson's and epilepsy were killed, and if you look into the lists, Parkinson's must have been replaced (e.g. idiocy, imbecility - you don't find Parkinson's very often) or such a diagnosis was added. Epilepsy was viewed as an inherited disease and "bad genes" that needs to disappear; the entire context shows it was viewed as psychiatric. Often, "diagnoses" like idiocy, imbecility and so on were added later. It must have been very common in those times to get an encephalitis due to an infection, and several children and grown-ups remained disabled afterwards. Their diagnosis often was "encephalitis", with idiocy, embicility and/or madness being added at some point.
All these cases were treated in Psychiatries; special "units" for brain diseases didn't exist.
One example of a man with Parkinson's due to an encephalitis that was killed in Grafeneck is Martin Bader. Here is a German link: https://www.t4-denkmal.de/Martin-Bader. (I think you will find something in English, too.)
I would be interested in the US history here, since, as far as I know, forced sterilization came from the US. If anyone knows more, please PM me.
For many purposes thats about the same thing.I have found no information that Parkinson's was viewed as psychosomatic, only that it was viewed as psychiatric. I understand that brain/psyche weren't differentiated.
Much of human "knowledge" before the age of enlightenment either came from the church or serendipity. Since then Science became dominant but serendipity is still with us in smaller forms.The following may give a hint that Parkinson's, like Chorea Huntington, was viewed (at least in Germany) as an inherited nervous disorder:
"Grundriß der menschlichen Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene, by Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer, Fritz Lenz" (p. 221).
So not psychosomatic, and not psychological, it seems (but psychiatric would be correct).
The degenerative process led to "idiocy" (which was a psychiatric/psychological diagnosis).
They say, Parkinson's is inherited in a recessive manner, Chorea in a dominant one.
Quite "interesting" what else they say...
In the 1940s, Parkinson's was viewed as a psychiatric illness, as was epilepsy.
Before that, psychiatrists were also called "Nervenarzt" ("nerves doctor").
Hm, I hope the following explains better what I mean:I don't really understand what you are getting at @Inara. It seems that originally psychiatrists were part of neurology - so they were neurologists or Nervenartz. That is how it was in the UK and US I think. Psychiatry split off from neurology, not the other way around.
Do you mean historically? Since I hear and read that for the first time, I kindly need to ask you for a reference so that I can check. Certainly there's something to learn.Psychiatry split off from neurology, not the other way around.
Do you mean historically? Since I hear and read that for the first time, I kindly need to ask you for a reference so that I can check. Certainly there's something to learn.
If, by any chance, you come across any references, I'll be interested.
Johannes Pantel: Neurologie, Psychiatrie und Innere Medizin. Verlauf und Dynamik eines historischen Streites. In: Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen. Band 11, 1993, S. 77–99, hier: S. 77.
http://www.izn-frankfurt.de/web-content/memb_get.php?anzname=Pantel%20J.
Actually, I was surprised to find that the idea of Eugenics came from Francis Galton from the UK and was very popular in the US before it came to Germany. It makes sense that Germany was not an enclave of ideologies about sick and disabled people, but it shows very clearly what these ideologies were.but perhaps in Germany/ in the German states medicine was a bit special in the 18th and 19th centuries already?
EgadsBooth, G. (1948). Psychodynamics in Parkinsonism. Psychosomatic Medicine, 10, 1-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-194801000-00001
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a syndrome with a specific personality pattern characterised by marked impulses toward action, motor activity, and industriousness accompanied by a striving for independence, authority, and success. Rigid and moralistic behavior patterns are present. The male sex predominates in Parkinsonism. The personality structure is developed from constitutional factors with an emphasis upon aggressiveness and a tendency to be identified with the dominant parent along with "the accident of an inferior position regarding competition in childhood." When the personality is not successfully integrated, disease symptoms appear, satisfying on a symbolic level, rigidity of behavior and compulsiveness of the motor system. 43-item bibliography.
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i have this note: "Biomedical research did not get taken seriously until the late 1950s."