Long COVID and financial hardship: A disaggregated analysis at income and education levels, 2024, Datta et al.

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Long COVID and financial hardship: A disaggregated analysis at income and education levels
Biplab Kumar Datta; Ishtiaque Fazlul; M. Mahmud Khan

OBJECTIVES
To examine how long COVID is associated with financial hardship (food insecurity, inability to pay bills, or threat of losing service) across income and education levels, and to assess the role of employment loss or reduced work hours in this hardship.

DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SETTING
We used nationally representative data on 271,076 adults from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

STUDY DESIGN
We used multivariable binomial logistic regression models to estimate the average marginal effect of long COVID on financial hardships across multiple income and education groups.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
In general, we found a significant positive association between long COVID and the three measures of financial hardships across income and education groups (1–11 percentage points increase, 95% CI 0.00–0.02 and 0.07–0.14, respectively). Mediation analysis showed that lost or reduced hours of employment accounted for a significant portion (6%–20%) of the changes in financial distress.

CONCLUSIONS
Long COVID has affected the economic wellbeing of people from all socioeconomic statuses, although at a higher rate for lower income groups. Policy attention is needed to address its economic impacts across income and education levels.

Link | PDF (Health Services Research) [Open Access]

 

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https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067238

News Release 5-Dec-2024
Long COVID-19 is costing Americans money

Lower income groups more likely to experience food insecurity, inability to pay bills due to condition

Peer-Reviewed Publication
University of Georgia



The COVID-19 pandemic panic that characterized the early 2020s may be gone. But the SARS-CoV-2 virus is continuing to wreak havoc on some Americans’ finances, according to a new study from the University of Georgia.

The researchers found that long COVID-19 is making it harder for people to pay their bills, buy groceries and keep their utilities on.

The study suggests much of that financial hardship is the result of lost jobs and reduced working hours. And the researchers found that the negative economic effects of the illness are present regardless of socioeconomic status.

“COVID is still going on,” said Ishtiaque Fazlul, lead author of the study and an assistant professor in both UGA’s School of Public and International Affairs and UGA’s College of Public Health. “Long COVID is very much a problem that is affecting people’s lives right now. And it’s affecting people from all walks of life in terms of financial hardship.”

But long COVID is particularly hard on the finances of individuals with lower incomes.

The study found that for individuals in the lowest income bracket, having long COVID increased the likelihood of food insecurity by 10 percentage points. They also were at higher risk of losing important utility services due to not being able to pay their bills.

Even those in higher income brackets faced similar difficulties.

Long COVID disproportionately affects lower income groups
Almost 18 million Americans are living with long COVID. It’s a chronic condition triggered by the COVID-19 virus that can leave people suffering from extreme fatigue, memory problems and a variety of other unpleasant and sometimes incapacitating symptoms for months to years on end.

The present study relied on nationally representative data from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey of more than 270,000 Americans across 40 states.

Of the participants, about 20,000 reported having long COVID. The individuals in lower income groups and those without college degrees were disproportionately affected by the condition.

"If [low income Americans’] income decreases even by a little bit, they may cross a threshold that makes them food insecure and makes it difficult to pay bills.” —Ishtiaque Fazlul, School of Public and International Affairs and College of Public Health

Previous studies have shown that people with lower incomes have a higher risk of contracting COVID. And when they do get the virus, they tend to be sicker and even die at higher rates than their high-income counterparts.

When illness gets in the way of work, particularly for long stretches of time, higher-earners are sometimes able to work from home or rely on savings and various safety nets to keep themselves from running out of cash.

But low-income Americans may have a harder time staying afloat.

“Lower income groups probably have less savings and less to fall back on if something happens with their job,” Fazlul said. “Lower socioeconomic groups also tend to have more hands-on jobs that have less opportunity to work from home. If their income decreases even by a little bit, they may cross a threshold that makes them food insecure and makes it difficult to pay bills.”

Policy changes could help protect jobs, finances
Having more flexibility in both hours and work from home policies could help long COVID sufferers keep their jobs and health care coverage. Improving access to health care services to help patients manage symptoms of the condition could also make a real difference.

Increasing job security and access to credit is another option to increase long COVID patients’ financial stability, the researchers said.

“People’s financial well-being is being affected by long COVID,” Fazlul said. “That’s something we should care about.”

Published in Health Services Research, the study was co-authored by Mahmud Khan, a professor in UGA’s College of Public Health’s Department of Health Policy and Management, and Biplab Kumar Datta, an assistant professor at Augusta University.

Journal
Health Services Research

DOI
10.1111/1475-6773.14413

Article Title
Long COVID and financial hardship: A disaggregated analysis at income and education levels

Article Publication Date
2-Dec-2024

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