I would use ChatGPT and read up basic biology concepts and basic statistics concepts. Understanding how clinical trials/research papers are written, the types of research papers, etc.
There are no accepted biological mechanisms on S4Me so its pretty easy really at this point. I am not sure how when something does become accepted that this will change, I imagine it wont happen until we have a systemic review on some really solid studies or a study with 10s of thousands of people and it is so overwhelming it will not only be in the lancet but someone is likely to get awards. It will be pretty obvious in the press that its a bit different.
The PACE trial was superficially credible to many professionals. That shows one cannot rely on prestigious journals, or the fact that many professionals believed the results.
I guess the only way to be reasonably certain that something is real if the idea/claim is widely supported by society and there is solid objective evidence, replicated in many different contexts, that supports the idea/claim.
On its own it's not enough. But if there is apparently solid evidence replicated in many different contexts and society still does not believe it it could mean that there are problems with the quality of the evidence that I can't spot.
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