I struggle with this too, and do use earplugs and Bose earphones. But ear defenders are still the most helpful for me. I don't need continuous protection, but always keep the defenders on me just in case, as they are so easy to quickly put on. They have also enabled me to spend time with windows open and outside when previously I couldn't.
I own these ones: 3M Peltor X1 Ear Defenders Dark green
Amazon product ASIN B00NMLULGM
And these: 3M Peltor Optime III Earmuffs with Headband, 35 dB, Red
Amazon product ASIN B000VDX18E
The second pair (red) block out more noise but the pressure on my jaw causes too much pain for me to wear for more than 20mins here and there, so rarely get used.
Peltor also do a lime green pair that aren't as bulky as the red ones but block out more noise than the dark green, but I don't own them so can't comment on comfort. 3M Peltor X4 Lime Green Ear Defenders
Amazon product ASIN B00NMLSGSW
Hope this helps, I'd definitely recommend adding a pair to their arsenal of things to use.
Edit: I should add, ear defenders are different to noise cancelling headphones in what they can block out. They are much better for sudden noises (bangs, plates clattering etc). And I'd probably say more effective overall too. I've only recently got the Bose earphones and they're great but definitely not enough for me to be able to stop using the ear defenders.