Exosomes

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04148

Golden Exosomes.........

Golden Exosomes Selectively Target Brain Pathologies in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

 

Nano-Gold and Silver work - since they ride on Exosomes ?

Exosomes guard the Crime Scene
..but why do they leave after 96h ?

Spoiler: Study Feb 2019

Golden Exosomes Selectively Target Brain Pathologies in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Nano Lett., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04148
Publication Date (Web): February 14, 2019

Exosomes, nanovesicles that are secreted by different cell types, enable intercellular communication at local or distant sites. Alhough they have been found to cross the blood brain barrier, their migration and homing abilities within the brain remain unstudied. We have recently developed a method for longitudinal and quantitative in vivo neuroimaging of exosomes based on the superior visualization abilities of classical X-ray computed tomography (CT), combined with gold nanoparticles as labeling agents.

Here, we used this technique to track the migration and homing patterns of intranasally administrated exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exo) in different brain pathologies, including stroke, autism, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.

We found that MSC-exo specifically targeted and accumulated in pathologically relevant murine models brains regions up to 96 h post administration, while in healthy controls they showed a diffuse migration pattern and clearance by 24 h. The neuro-inflammatory signal in pathological brains was highly correlated with MSC-exo accumulation, suggesting that the homing mechanism is inflammatory-driven.

In addition, MSC-exo were selectively uptaken by neuronal cells, but not glial cells, in the pathological regions. Taken together, these findings can significantly promote the application of exosomes for therapy and targeted drug delivery in various brain pathologies.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04148

 

On a side note, and not immediately relevant to ME, here's another example of the versatility of exosomes.

This comes from a newspaper article about a Danish PhD thesis whose author recently won a science communication award (Google translated, bolding mine).

The whole article (Danish) is here: https://www.information.dk/2019/04/eline-palm-meldgaard-gaar-angreb-paa-udspekulerede-orme

 

There are exosomes that carry up to 40 enteroviruses in a single vesicle.

More info: https://forums.phoenixrising.me/threads/viral-exosomes-known-as-‘stealth-spheres’.75937/

 

Code:

https://www.facebook.com/CornellMECFSCenter/posts/1058494611008644

Direct link to the program for that meeting, https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.isev.org/resource/resmgr/ISEV2019_Final_Program.pdf

 

Not sure where to put this review, and I haven't read all of it, just posting in case someone else is interested.

Extracellular Vesicles in Epstein-Barr Virus’ Life Cycle and Pathogenesis

Mengmeng Zhao et al, Microorganisms 2019, 7(2).

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are evolutionarily conserved phospholidpid membrane-bound entities secreted from most eukaryotic cell types. They carry bioactive cargos such as protein and nucleic acids derived from their cells of origin. Over the past 10 years, they have been attracting increased attention in many fields of life science, representing a new route for intercellular communication.

In this review article, we will discuss the current knowledge of both normal and virally modified EVs in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)’s life cycle and its associated pathogenesis.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/48/htm

 

Another paper on Exosomes that I thought appropriate for this thread.

Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles mediate development of metabolic diseases (5Nov2019)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-019-05014-5

I thought the section on processing of blood to extract exosomes was interesting for those wanting to learn more about the process. Image (C) and the text associated with it below