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Comparison of Seroconversion in Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19, 2022, Toh et al.

Discussion in 'Epidemics (including Covid-19, not Long Covid)' started by SNT Gatchaman, Apr 7, 2022.

  1. SNT Gatchaman

    SNT Gatchaman Senior Member (Voting Rights)

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    Comparison of Seroconversion in Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19
    Zheng Quan Toh, Jeremy Anderson, Nadia Mazarakis, Melanie Neeland, Rachel A. Higgins, Karin Rautenbacher, Kate Dohle, Jill Nguyen, Isabella Overmars, Celeste Donato, Sohinee Sarkar, Vanessa Clifford, Andrew Daley, Suellen Nicholson, Francesca L. Mordant, Kanta Subbarao, David P. Burgner, Nigel Curtis, Julie E. Bines, Sarah McNab, Andrew C. Steer, Kim Mulholland, Shidan Tosif, Nigel W. Crawford, Daniel G. Pellicci, Lien Anh Ha Do, Paul V. Licciardi

    Objective To compare seroconversion in nonhospitalized children and adults with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify factors that are associated with seroconversion.

    Design, Setting, and Participants This household cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection collected weekly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs and blood samples during the acute (median, 7 days for children and 12 days for adults [IQR, 4-13] days) and convalescent (median, 41 [IQR, 31-49] days) periods after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis for analysis. Participants were recruited at The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, from May 10 to October 28, 2020. Participants included patients who had a SARS-CoV-2–positive nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimen using PCR analysis.

    Main Outcomes and Measures SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cellular (T cell and B cell) responses in children and adults. Seroconversion was defined by seropositivity in all 3 (an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and 2 commercial assays: a SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and a SARS-CoV-2 antibody ELISA) serological assays.

    Results Among 108 participants with SARS-CoV-2–positive PCR findings, 57 were children (35 boys [61.4%]; median age, 4 [IQR, 2-10] years) and 51 were adults (28 women [54.9%]; median age, 37 [IQR, 34-45] years). Using the 3 established serological assays, a lower proportion of children had seroconversion to IgG compared with adults (20 of 54 [37.0%] vs 32 of 42 [76.2%]; P < .001). This result was not associated with viral load, which was similar in children and adults (mean [SD] cycle threshold [Ct] value, 28.58 [6.83] vs 24.14 [8.47]; P = .09). In addition, age and sex were not associated with seroconversion within children (median age, 4 [IQR, 2-14] years for both seropositive and seronegative groups; seroconversion by sex, 10 of 21 girls [47.6%] vs 10 of 33 boys [30.3%]) or adults (median ages, 37 years for seropositive and 40 years for seronegative adults [IQR, 34-39 years]; seroconversion by sex, 18 of 24 women [75.0%] vs 14 of 18 men [77.8%]) (P > .05 for all comparisons between seronegative and seropositive groups). Symptomatic adults had 3-fold higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than asymptomatic adults (median, 227.5 [IQR, 133.7-521.6] vs 75.3 [IQR, 36.9-113.6] IU/mL), whereas no differences were observed in children regardless of symptoms. Moreover, differences in cellular immune responses were observed in adults compared with children with seroconversion.

    Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that among patients with mild COVID-19, children may be less likely to have seroconversion than adults despite similar viral loads. This finding has implications for future protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and for interpretation of serosurveys that involve children. Further research to understand why seroconversion and development of symptoms are potentially less likely in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection and to compare vaccine responses may be of clinical and scientific importance.

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    Last edited: Apr 7, 2022
    Hutan, Peter Trewhitt and alktipping like this.

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