A Pro-Inflammatory Gut Microbiome Characterizes SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients...., 2021, Reinold et al

Andy

Andy

Retired committee member
Full title: A Pro-Inflammatory Gut Microbiome Characterizes SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients and a Reduction in the Connectivity of an Anti-Inflammatory Bacterial Network Associates With Severe COVID-19

The gut microbiota contributes to maintaining human health and regulating immune responses. Severe COVID-19 illness is associated with a dysregulated pro-inflammatory immune response. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on altering the gut microbiome and the relevance of the gut microbiome on COVID-19 severity needs to be clarified.

In this prospective study, we analyzed the gut microbiome of 212 patients of a tertiary care hospital (117 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 95 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region. Inflammatory markers and immune cells were quantified from blood. The gut microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients was characterized by a lower bacterial richness and distinct differences in the gut microbiome composition, including an enrichment of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Actinobacteria compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. The relative abundance of several genera including Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Collinsella was lower in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients while the abundance of Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae was increased. Higher pro-inflammatory blood markers and a lower CD8+ T cell number characterized patients with severe COVID-19 illness.

The gut microbiome of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 exhibited a lower abundance of butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacterium and Roseburia and a reduction in the connectivity of a distinct network of anti-inflammatory genera that was observed in patients with mild COVID-19 illness and in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome associated with a pro-inflammatory signature may contribute to the hyperinflammatory immune response characterizing severe COVID-19 illness.

Open access, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.747816/full
 
I found this.

The Microbiota and Health Promoting Characteristics of the Fermented Beverage Kefir
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00647/full

The bacterial genera most commonly found in kefir using culture dependent techniques are Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc (Simova et al., 2002; Witthuhn et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2008). These genera tend to dominate the population present in both the kefir grain and milk, with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus kefir, and Lactobacillus brevisaccounting for between 37 and 90% of the total microbial community present (Simova et al., 2002; Witthuhn et al., 2004; Miguel et al., 2010). While these species commonly make up the majority of the microbial population present in kefir grains, some grains are dominated by yeast species or other bacterial species such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Witthuhn et al., 2004). The proportions of species can also differ between the grain and milk (Figure 2). For example, L. lactis subsp. lactis, and S. thermophiluslevels are generally much greater in the fermented kefir than in the kefir grains.
Click to expand...

Perhaps no great benefit there? Hmmm
 
Gut microbiome seems quite du monde at present.
The man who has been promoting the importance of gut microbiome for years is Ken Lassasen with his site "CFS Remission". Packed full of information and speculation on all things gut .
I don't think Kefir did anything for me over the year I slurped it and in the end had to give it up as I developed lactose intolerance
 
It's amazing that we have known for years just how much immunology is going on in the gut, and still most digestion problems got psychologized, continuing to reject the full implications of the germ theory of disease. This will make people cringe with hindsight but right now it seems that the cringing is happening because people are blinded by the brilliance of this mind-body junk they made up instead.

Germs are very good at hiding. It's what they do. And they can't exist without interfering with cellular processes, viruses are kind of famous for this. This isn't even especially hard, any intro to immunology basically provides all the knowledge needed, it only needs to be matched with common sense.
 
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