US Dept of Health and Human Services: https://www.hhs.gov/longcovid/index.html
Understanding Long COVID, Supporting Patients, Advancing Solutions
What Is Long COVID? Long COVID is a serious chronic disease that can affect multiple body systems and significantly disrupt daily life. Long COVID affects 5–7 % of U.S. adults—roughly 18 million people, according to the CDC. Long COVID remains an ongoing public health challenge requiring continued research, clinical innovation, and coordinated response.
Long COVID is a distinct and multisystem condition with its own drivers, risk factors, and clinical course. It affects all ages, regions, and communities.
There is currently no single FDA-approved diagnostic test for Long COVID. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, and individuals do not need a documented positive SARS-CoV-2 test to receive a diagnosis. Symptoms can vary widely and may fluctuate or relapse over time, making diagnosis and long-term management complex. Long COVID contributes to reduced workforce participation, disability, and significant economic burden, with national costs estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
Long COVID requires focused, condition-specific research and care that reflect its distinct biology and clinical course. Although some symptoms overlap with other infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses (IACCIs)—such as Lyme disease, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), and other often “invisible” illnesses not readily apparent—similar presentations do not necessarily imply shared underlying mechanisms or treatments.
A new paradigm is needed to address complex chronic disease because fragmented, disease-by-disease, and organ-by-organ approaches are insufficient for understanding multisystem conditions like Long COVID. To overcome structural barriers—including siloed data, limited diagnostics, and inconsistent care pathways—HHS is advancing a disease-agnostic approach to strengthen data systems, clinical networks, and research infrastructure for invisible illnesses, accelerating measurable progress while preserving the distinctiveness and urgency of Long COVID.