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The citation of the Ithaca College study brings up another potential confounding factor. The ramping of the workload can differ between different CPET studies. Notably, for the Stichting Cardiozorg studies: So while this was held constant between the days, it was not constant between...

As is often the case, the ones who frequently talk about the failure of cartesian dualism are closet dualists themselves.

Have you done the test yourself? How do you know what to expect? It is quite possible that participants were no longer encouraged once they had matched their prior days VO2Peak, and I can tell you from experience, you aren't going to want to continue past your VO2max without extremely strong...

I talked to Max Nelson about this (several years ago). An increase in peak workload on subsequent tests is actually common in healthy people, albeit not necessarily on consecutive days. As people become used to the test, they're likely to push a little bit harder. Keep in mind that peak workload...

That is what the evidence in this study suggests.

Simply put, this means that the level of cardiovascular fitness was not related to PEM in this group of patients.

It's funny that the journalists are not reporting the fact that one dose of Pfizer had greater effiacy against hospitalisation than two doses of AZ. That three month wait for the second AZ dose isn't so great...

If it was due to genetic factors, it could affect many cell types and still likely cause an imbalance in blood plasma...

What about a hypothetical circulatory "danger response" that has the function of lowering circulation through capillaries, with the purpose of restricting pathogens and inflammatory debris from causing problems in the periphery?

The problem is, that it doesn't really explain anything. How are the "non-essential energy-consuming processes are throttled down"?

Is it really that curious? A large majority do not report significant improvement or recovery and there are no controlled studies to suggest it isn't simply spontaneous remission. It is also hypothetically possible that the immune stimulus itself was enough for the body to sort itself out in the...

Yes, both sorts of hypotheses have been made for a variety of conditions over the last few decades. There still seems to be a lack of strong evidence, despite the popularity of these hypotheses.

We have to perform more studies to find out, but I detailed several general explanations in my previous post.

Is this the first questionnaire used for ME/CFS patients where they have bothered (or are planning) to test face validity?

If he used a juice fast or homeopathy during his spontaneous recovery, would people be taking him so seriously?

Besides age and sex (and hormonal variances), there is likely some degree of genetic variance (and an effect of fitness, but this can sometimes increase the maximum heart rate in the less conditioned!) Exercising to one's true maximal heartrate is hard for someone with ME/CFS. It requires...

This also reminds me of the people who were asking whether participants were already suffering from PEM during the first test. So in that case it is a question of how much is needed to further exacerbate. Some participants (depending on underlying fitness and health) may need to do a higher...

Graded Exercise Therapy is technically still a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, albeit one that focuses primarily on behaviour. A pure exercise therapy focusing on reversing deconditioning would focus on intensity, rather than merely duration and would explicitly factor in rest days, rather than...

A very high RER (>1.2) suggests significant hyperventilation. This could be due to a high rate of respiratory compensation. Unless it was a transient spike, or the equipment is somehow not calibrated properly, it is probably not an equipment problem.

I'd also argue that evidence of central fatigue is also strong for CFS, though the underlying cause of that central fatigue is debated (and sadly, often debated by people who understand very little of the physiology) The consistent finding is reduced workload (usually measured in watts) at the...