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Abstract Background and aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects populations, societies and lives for more than two years. Long-term sequelae of COVID-19, collectively termed the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, are rapidly emerging across the globe. Here, we investigated...

There are different subgroups of patients used for different experiments, but overall they have 8 female patients and 3 male patients (plus one male patient with small fibre neuropathy but not ME).

I also noticed this inconsistency. I'll try to follow up with Avik Roy about it on Twitter if he gets back to me about the other details I've asked about (trying to figure out which patients and control are shown in Figure 4H) — or you could follow up if you're on Twitter? There is a lot in...

That's interesting. For LC microclot detection, they are using platelet poor plasma, while this study is in serum with ammonium sulfate. But in theory they could be measuring the same thing, no?

Yes, they mention mTOR in the study: "ATG13 is heavily phosphorylated by intracellular kinases such as AMPK and mTOR. An immunoblot analysis of ATG13 in protein A-agarose purified and freshly preserved serum (2 ME/CFS and 2 HC) clearly indicated that there was a strong upregulation of ATG13 and...

That's what I understood too: The big question is what upstream is causing phosphorylation of ATG13 in ME and subsequent release into serum. It isn't clear to me though if all serum ATG13 is phosphorylated or the degree of phosphorylation in ME serum is abnormal and there's a mix of...

Confirmed that the negative concentrations mean zero. But the high/low is just above or below the mean, which isn't particularly meaningful if they are near the mean. The mean is calculated with the negative values for some reason. If you convert all the negative values to zero, then the mean...

Also, some interesting discussion with one of the authors on Twitter: He mentions further study in a mouse model.

There does seem to be some interesting findings in here, though with very small n. If I'm understanding correctly, they took patient and control serum and added it to microglial cells in vitro and found the ME patient serum caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase significantly more...

Revisiting IgG antibody reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and its potential application to disease diagnosis Abstract: Infections by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are often at the disease onset of patients suffering from Myalgic...

That's just the cohort of people they followed up with to see if they had recovered or not, which presumably skewed male because men are more likely to be hospitalized. They found "Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95%...

Looks like a strong result in a small study, though worth noting these folks have a company that's hoping to sell antivirals for FM, ME/CFS, IBS and LC, on the theory that these are all caused by reactivated herpesvirus.

This is, unfortunately, another study that defines Long Covid in a way that is essentially meaningless. They define it as having one or more of a list of very common symptoms (headache, fatigue, abdominal issues, pain) recorded in the patient's chart at any point in the six months after...

The CCR5 difference that they find only falls out of the post-hoc responder versus non-responder analysis though, so there isn't anything there if you're not willing to buy that the drug is doing something.

What the actual prevalence of Long Covid might be is kind of the million dollar question that no one really has a good answer to. Of course, it depends a lot on how you define Long Covid. At one extreme, we have the studies that say anyone who reports any of a long list of symptoms has LC (some...

There is a pre-print from February, though it doesn't have a whole lot more detail. There's also this report for GI and liver tissue, plus the recent findings of virus in stool samples, and anecdotal reports of Long Covid improvement with Paxlovid. Hopefully this is the start of some serious...

After looking through this, I'm a little doubtful. Their abstract makes it seem like they followed 968 people from 2 months to 12 months and 15% recovered, but I think they only had 146 participants who started at two months and not all of these were still in the study at 12 months (if I'm...

If I'm not mistaken, that's as much butyric acid as you'd get in 10g of butter.